Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF) or vasculotropin, is a homodimeric 34 - 42 kDa, heparin-binding glycoprotein with potent angiogenic, mitogenic and vascular permeability-enhancing activities specific for endothelial cells. The amino acid sequence of VEGF exhibits primary structural, as well as limited amino acid sequence, homology with that of the A and B chains of PDGF. All eight cysteine residues involved in intra- and inter-chain disulfide bonds are conserved among these growth factors. A cDNA encoding a protein having a 53% amino acid sequence homology in the PDGF-like region of VEGF has been isolated from a human placental cDNA library. This protein, named placenta growth factor (PlGF), is now recognized to be a member of the VEGF family of growth factors. Based on its homology with VEGF, PlGF was also proposed to be an angiogenic factor. Two receptor tyrosine kinases have been described as putative VEGF receptors. Flt-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase), and KDR (kinase-insert-domain-containing receptor) proteins have been shown to bind VEGF with high affinity.
In vitro, VEGF is a potent endothelial cell mitogen. In cultured endothelial cells, VEGF can activate phospholipase C and induce rapid increases of free cytosolic Ca2+. VEGF has been shown to stimulate von Willebrand factor release from endothelial cells and induce expression of tissue factor activity in endothelial cells as well as in monocytes. VEGF has also been shown to be chemotactic for monocytes and osteoblasts.In vivo, VEGF can induce angiogenesis as well as increase microvascular permeability. As a vascular permeability factor, VEGF acts directly on the endothelium and does not degranulate mast cells. It promotes extravasation of plasma fibrinogen, leading to fibrin deposition which alters the tumor extracellular matrix. The modified extracellular matrix subsequently promotes the migration of macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Based on its in vitro and in vivo properties, VEGF is expected to play important roles in inflammation and during normal and pathological angiogenesis, a process that is associated with wound healing, embryonic development, and growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Elevated levels of VEGF have been reported in synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis patients and in sera from cancer patients.
原厂资料：
Product Summary:
The Quantikine Rat VEGF Immunoassay is a 3.5 hour solid-phase ELISA designed to measure rat VEGF in cell culture supernates, serum, and plasma. It contains NS0-expressed recombinant rat VEGF and antibodies raised against the recombinant factor. This immunoassay has been shown to accurately quantitate the recombinant factor. Results obtained using natural rat VEGF showed linear curves that were parallel to the standard curves obtained using the Quantikine kit standards. These results indicate that this kit can be used to determine relative mass values for naturally occurring rat VEGF.
Precision:
Intra-Assay Precision (Precision within an assay)Three samples of known concentration were tested on one plate to assess intra-assay precision.
Inter-Assay Precision (Precision between assays)Three samples of known concentration were tested in separate assays to assess inter-assay precision.
Cell Culture Supernates
Intra-Assay Precision
Inter-Assay Precision
Sample
1
2
3
1
2
3
n
20
20
20
65
60
65
Mean
79.4
174
797
87.6
204
828
Standard Deviation
5.7
7
14.1
8.2
21.2
42.5
CV%
7.2
4
1.8
9.4
10.4
5.1
Serum, EDTA Plasma, Heparin Plasma
Intra-Assay Precision
Inter-Assay Precision
Sample
1
2
3
1
2
3
n
20
20
20
71
65
71
Mean
103
191
891
107
233
900
Standard Deviation
3.8
10.7
19.7
8.5
23.3
41.1
CV%
3.7
5.6
2.2
7.9
10
4.6
Recovery:
The recovery of rat VEGF spiked to three levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated.
Sample Type
Average % Recovery
Range %
Serum (n=6)
99
90-116
Heparin Plasma (n=6)
92
80-100
Cell Culture Supernates (n=6)
103
94-108
EDTA Plasma (n=6)
102
95-108
Linearity:
To assess the linearity of the assay, samples containing and/or spiked with high concentrations of rat VEGF in each matrix were serially diluted with the appropriate Calibrator Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
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