描述：
Human BMP-9, also known as growth and differentiation factor 2 (GDF2), is a member of
the BMP subgroup of the TGF-β superfamily proteins that signal through heterodimeric
complexes composed of type I and type II BMP receptors. BMP-9 regulates the development
and function of a variety of embryonal and adult tissues. The human BMP-9 cDNA encodes a
429 amino acid (aa) precursor that includes a 22 aa signal sequence, a 298 aa propeptide, and
a 111 aa mature protein. Unlike with other BMP family proteins, the propeptide does not
interfere with the biological activity of BMP-9 and remains associated with the mature
peptide after proteolytic cleavage. Human and mouse BMP-9 share 96% aa sequence identity.
Within the mature protein, human BMP-9 shares 64% aa sequence identity with human
BMP10 and less than 50% aa sequence identity with other BMPs. BMP-9 is expressed by
nonparenchymal cells in the liver, where it promotes lipid metabolism and inhibits glucose
production. BMP-9 exerts a prolonged hypoglycemic effect which may be due to an
enhancement of insulin release. BMP-9 interacts with a high affinity specific heteromeric
receptor expressed on liver endothelial cells that has been identified as ALK-1. In the
embryonal CNS, BMP-9 functions in the development and maintenance of the cholinergic
neuronal phenotype. BMP-9 also induces the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into
the chondrogenic lineage. At low concentrations, BMP-9 is a proliferative factor for
hematopoietic progenitor cells, but at higher concentrations, it enhances TGF-β1 production
and inhibits hematopoietic progenitor colony formation.
原厂资料：
Human BMP-9, also known as growth and differentiation factor 2 (GDF2), is a member of
the BMP subgroup of the TGF-β superfamily proteins that signal through heterodimeric
complexes composed of type I and type II BMP receptors. BMP-9 regulates the development
and function of a variety of embryonal and adult tissues. The human BMP-9 cDNA encodes a
429 amino acid (aa) precursor that includes a 22 aa signal sequence, a 298 aa propeptide, and
a 111 aa mature protein. Unlike with other BMP family proteins, the propeptide does not
interfere with the biological activity of BMP-9 and remains associated with the mature
peptide after proteolytic cleavage. Human and mouse BMP-9 share 96% aa sequence identity.
Within the mature protein, human BMP-9 shares 64% aa sequence identity with human
BMP10 and less than 50% aa sequence identity with other BMPs. BMP-9 is expressed by
nonparenchymal cells in the liver, where it promotes lipid metabolism and inhibits glucose
production. BMP-9 exerts a prolonged hypoglycemic effect which may be due to an
enhancement of insulin release. BMP-9 interacts with a high affinity specific heteromeric
receptor expressed on liver endothelial cells that has been identified as ALK-1. In the
embryonal CNS, BMP-9 functions in the development and maintenance of the cholinergic
neuronal phenotype. BMP-9 also induces the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into
the chondrogenic lineage. At low concentrations, BMP-9 is a proliferative factor for
hematopoietic progenitor cells, but at higher concentrations, it enhances TGF-β1 production
and inhibits hematopoietic progenitor colony formation.
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