描述：
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a member of the FGF gene family, which currently
contains 22 human members. Based on its structure, it is further classified as an FGF19
subfamily member. This subfamily includes FGF-19, -21, and -23. Like all other FGF subfamilies,
FGF-19 subfamily members contain a 120 amino acid(aa) core FGF domain that exhibits a
βtrefoil structure. Unlike other FGF subfamilies, FGF-19 subfamily members apparently exhibit
poor binding to ECM, resulting in highly diffusible molecules. The cDNA for FGF-21 predicts
a 209 aa polypeptide that contains a 28 aa signal sequence and a 181 aa mature region.Notably,
FGF-21, as well as FGF-19 show limited binding to heparin. One potential alternate splice form
has been reported. It shows a 43 aa substitution for the C-terminal 12 aa of the standard form.
Mature human FGF-21 shows 81% aa identity to mouse FGF-21, and is known to be active on
mouse cells. The FGF-19 subfamily is considered endocrine in nature. All three subfamily
members impact some aspect of metabolism, all three are induced by a nuclear receptor
heterodimer that includes RXR, and all three utilize Klotho family members for signal
transduction. FGF-21 is produced by hepatocytes in response to free fatty acid (FFA) stimulation
of a PPARa/RXR dimeric complex. This situation occurs clinically during starvation, or following
the ingestion of a highfat/lowcarbohydrate diet. Upon FGF-21 secretion, white adipose tissue
is induced to release FFAs from triglyceride stores. Once FFAs reach hepatocytes, they are
oxidized and reduced to acetylCoA. The acetylCoA is recombined into 4carbon ketone bodies
(acetoacetate and βhydroxybutyrate), released, and transported to peripheral tissues for TCA
processing and energy generation.
原厂资料：
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a member of the FGF gene family, which currently
contains 22 human members. Based on its structure, it is further classified as an FGF19
subfamily member. This subfamily includes FGF-19, -21, and -23. Like all other FGF subfamilies,
FGF-19 subfamily members contain a 120 amino acid(aa) core FGF domain that exhibits a
βtrefoil structure. Unlike other FGF subfamilies, FGF-19 subfamily members apparently exhibit
poor binding to ECM, resulting in highly diffusible molecules. The cDNA for FGF-21 predicts
a 209 aa polypeptide that contains a 28 aa signal sequence and a 181 aa mature region.Notably,
FGF-21, as well as FGF-19 show limited binding to heparin. One potential alternate splice form
has been reported. It shows a 43 aa substitution for the C-terminal 12 aa of the standard form.
Mature human FGF-21 shows 81% aa identity to mouse FGF-21, and is known to be active on
mouse cells. The FGF-19 subfamily is considered endocrine in nature. All three subfamily
members impact some aspect of metabolism, all three are induced by a nuclear receptor
heterodimer that includes RXR, and all three utilize Klotho family members for signal
transduction. FGF-21 is produced by hepatocytes in response to free fatty acid (FFA) stimulation
of a PPARa/RXR dimeric complex. This situation occurs clinically during starvation, or following
the ingestion of a highfat/lowcarbohydrate diet. Upon FGF-21 secretion, white adipose tissue
is induced to release FFAs from triglyceride stores. Once FFAs reach hepatocytes, they are
oxidized and reduced to acetylCoA. The acetylCoA is recombined into 4carbon ketone bodies
(acetoacetate and βhydroxybutyrate), released, and transported to peripheral tissues for TCA
processing and energy generation.
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