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注意事项:
It is widely accepted that T cells require a signal induced by the engagement of the T cell
receptor and a “costimulatory” signal(s) through distinct T cell surface molecules for optimal
T cell expansion and activation. Members of the B7 superfamily of counterreceptors were
identified by their ability to interact with co-stimulatory molecules found on the surface of T
cells. Members of the B7 superfamily include B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), B7H1 (PD-L1), B7-H2
(B7RP-1), B7-H3 and PD-L2. B7-1 is expressed on activated B cells, activated T cells, mature
dendritic cells and macrophages. T cells express two different receptors capable of binding
B7-1, CD28 and CTLA-4. CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 with a 20 -100 fold higher affinity than CD28.
Engagement of CD28 by B7-1 increases T cell proliferation and IL-2 production and enhances
the immune response. In contrast, engagement of CTLA-4 is involved in the downregulation
of the immune response. Rat B7-1 is a 320 amino acid (aa) protein containing an extracellular
domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. Rat and human B7-1 share 47%
amino acid identity.
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