描述：
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) also known as cachectin and TNFSF1A, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily.
It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development.
TNFα is produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types.
The 156 amino acid (aa) cotton rat TNFα is homologous to a portion of the extracellular domain (ECD) of TNFα from other species.
It shares 64% ~76% aa sequence identity with bovine, canine, equine, feline, human, mouse, porcine, rat, and rhesus TNFα.
The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer.
Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte costimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness.
Cleavage of membrane bound TNFα by TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNFα.
TNFα trimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cellrestricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers .
TNFα regulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis.
It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages.
TNFα is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders .
It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism.
原厂资料：
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) also known as cachectin and TNFSF1A, is the prototypic ligand of the TNF superfamily.
It is a pleiotropic molecule that plays a central role in inflammation, apoptosis, and immune system development.
TNFα is produced by a wide variety of immune and epithelial cell types.
The 156 amino acid (aa) cotton rat TNFα is homologous to a portion of the extracellular domain (ECD) of TNFα from other species.
It shares 64% ~76% aa sequence identity with bovine, canine, equine, feline, human, mouse, porcine, rat, and rhesus TNFα.
The 26 kDa type 2 transmembrane protein is assembled intracellularly to form a noncovalently linked homotrimer.
Ligation of this complex induces reverse signaling that promotes lymphocyte costimulation but diminishes monocyte responsiveness.
Cleavage of membrane bound TNFα by TACE/ADAM17 releases a 55 kDa soluble trimeric form of TNFα.
TNFα trimers bind the ubiquitous TNF RI and the hematopoietic cellrestricted TNF RII, both of which are also expressed as homotrimers .
TNFα regulates lymphoid tissue development through control of apoptosis.
It also promotes inflammatory responses by inducing the activation of vascular endothelial cells and macrophages.
TNFα is a key cytokine in the development of several inflammatory disorders .
It contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism.
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