PCNA is a marker for cells in early G1 phase and S phase of the cell cycle. It is found in the nucleus and is a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. It acts as a homotrimer and helps increase the processivity of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. In response to DNA damage, PCNA is ubiquitinated and is involved in the RAD6-dependent DNA repair pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for PCNA. Pseudogenes of this gene have been described on chromosome 4 and on the X chromosome.
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