The most common primary tumors of the human brain are thought to be of glial cell origin. However, glial cell neoplasms cannot be fully classified by cellular morphology or with conventional markers for astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or their progenitors. Studies of central nervous system tumorigenesis suggests that novel molecular markers might be found among factors that have roles in glial development. Oligodendrocyte lineage genes (Olig 1 and 2) encode basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors. Human Olig genes are expressed strongly in oligodendroglioma, contrasting absent or low expression in astrocytoma. Therefore, there is diagnostic potential of Olig markers to augment identification of oligodendroglial tumors.
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