IFN gamma, also called Type II interferon, macrophage activation factor, and immune interferon is produced primarily by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells in response to antigens, mitogens, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B, phytohemaglutanin and other cytokines. IFN gamma is a glycoprotein that exists, functionally, as a homodimer of approximately 45 kDa. On SDS-PAGE it appears as a combination of 25, 20 and minor 15.5 kDa bands as a result of differential glycosylation. The biological activity of the IFN gamma homodimer is highly species specific and includes the following: antiviral activity, tumor antiproliferative activity, induction of class I and II MHC, macrophage activation, and enhanced immunoglobulin secretion by B lymphocytes. IFNg is involved in cytokine regulation and also acts synergistically with other cytokines.
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