Members of the Bcl-2 Family (including Bcl-2, Bcl-XLand Bax) play an important role in regulation of apoptosis. Whereas Bcl-2 is commonly regarded as an anti-apoptotic protein, Bax is considered to have a pro-apoptotic function. Regulation of apoptosis is supposed to involve both homo- and heterodimerization of different isoforms of Bax and Bcl-2. The Bax gene encodes different isoforms including Bax alpha (21 kDa) and Bax beta (24 kDa), whereas both isoforms contain the BH1, BH2 and BH3 domains, Bax beta has a unique carboxyl terminus and does not contain a hydrophobic transmembrane domain. Bcl-2 is also expressed in different Isoforms. Bcl-2 beta differs in the 3' UTR and coding region compared to variant alpha. Bcl-2 beta is shorter (22 kDa) and has a distinct C-terminus compared to Bcl-2 alpha (26 kDa).
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