其它组分：
RARα Antibody 【子货号：#2554，包装：40 µl，，运保温度：–20°C】
RXRα (D6H10) Rabbit mAb 【子货号：#3085，包装：40 µl，，运保温度：–20°C】
RXRγ Antibody 【子货号：#5629，包装：40 µl，，运保温度：–20°C】
Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody 【子货号：#7074，包装：100 µl，，运保温度：–20°C】
RXRβ Antibody 【子货号：#8715，包装：40 µl，，运保温度：–20°C】
RARγ1 (D3A4) XP® Rabbit mAb 【子货号：#8965，包装：40 µl，，运保温度：–20°C】
描述：
每个Retinoic Acid and Retinoid X Receptors Antibody Sampler Kit中的抗体识别内源性水平各自的总蛋白。该抗体不与其他维甲酸或维甲酸X受体亚型发生交叉反应。该单克隆抗体通过用合成肽免疫动物制备，该合成肽是人RARγ1蛋白或人RXRα蛋白靠近氨基末端的残基。该多克隆抗体通过用合成肽免疫动物制备，该合成肽是人RARα蛋白序列、人RXRβ蛋白靠近氨基末端的残基或人RXRγ蛋白靠近氨基末端的残基。多克隆抗体由蛋白A和肽亲和层析纯化。.Retinoic Acid and Retinoid X Receptors Antibody Sampler Kit提供了一种经济的方法来检查维甲酸和维甲酸X受体各亚型的表达。该试剂盒包括足够的一抗，每份一抗能够完成4次western blot实验。.维甲酸（RA）核受体（RARs）包括三个亚型，这三个亚型分别由α (NR1B1), β (NR1B2), 和γ (NR1B3)编码.每种亚型至少有两种形式，通过差动启动子使用和选择性剪接产生，不同之处仅在于它们的N-端区域。维甲酸是维生素A的代谢产物，作为维甲酸受体的配体（1）。维甲酸受体以配体依赖的转录调节起作用，发现其与维甲酸X受体（RXRs）形成异源二聚体。这些转录活性二聚体调节参与细胞分化、增殖、细胞凋亡的基因表达（2,3）。因此，维甲酸受体在各种生物过程，包括发育、生殖、免疫、器官生成中发挥关键作用（4-6）。由于RAR功能改变和动态平衡破坏、RAR突变、融合蛋白、表达水平的改变或翻译后修饰异常会导致多种疾病。与广泛表达的RARα亚型相反，RARγ显示一个复杂的组织特异性表达模式（7）。造血系统RARγ表现显着水平，最近的一项研究确定了RARγ在造血干细胞维护中的作用（8）。RARγ是人类和小鼠表皮的主要亚型，占这种组织中RARs的90％（9-11）。由于RARγ在皮肤中的表达水平高，曾有人建议，该核受体参与转录程序，管理正常表皮和皮肤附属组织的维护和分化。RARγ转录活性的严格控制，某种程度上通过维甲酸诱导的磷酸化和蛋白酶体降解（12）。人视黄醇X受体（RXRs）由三种不同的基因（RXRα，RXRβ，RXRγ）编码，并与具有高亲和力的维生素A衍生物，9-顺-视黄酸选择性结合。 RXRs是II型核激素受体，主要位于核室，非依赖性配体结合。核RXR与核激素受体亚家族蛋白形成异二聚体，包括甲状腺激素受体、维甲酸受体、维生素D受体、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体、肝脏X受体、法尼酯X受体（13）。由于RXR与多个核激素受体形成异源二聚体，通过与靶基因启动子/增强区域的顺式作用元件结合，在众多激素信号转导通路的转录调控中发挥核心作用（14）。
原厂资料：
Specificity / Sensitivity
Each antibody in the Retinoic Acid and Retinoid X Receptors Antibody Sampler Kit recognizes endogenous levels of total respective protein. The antibodies do not cross react with other subtypes of retinoic acid or retinoic X receptors.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human RARγ1 protein or human RXRα protein. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the sequence of human RARα protein, residues near the amino terminus of human RXRβ protein, or residues near the amino terminus of human RXRγ protein. Polyclonal antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Description
The Retinoic Acid and Retinoid X Receptors Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means to investigate the expression of various subtypes of retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors. The kit contains enough primary antibody to perform four western blot experiments per primary.
Background
Nuclear retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) consist of three subtypes encoded by separate genes: α (NR1B1), β (NR1B2), and γ (NR1B3). For each subtype, there are at least two isoforms, which are generated by differential promoter usage and alternative splicing and differ only in their N-terminal regions. Retinoids, which are metabolites of vitamin A, serve as ligands for RARs (1). RARs function as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators and are found to be heterodimerized with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). These transcriptionally active dimers regulate the expression of genes involved in cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis (2,3). Consequently, RARs play critical roles in a variety of biological processes, including development, reproduction, immunity, and organogenesis (4-6). RAR mutations, fusion proteins, altered expression levels, or aberrant post-translational modifications result in multiple diseases due to altered RAR function and disruption of homeostasis.
In contrast to the ubiquitously expressed RARα subtype, RARγ displays a complex tissue-specific expression pattern (7). The hematopoietic system expresses significant levels of RARγ, and a recent study identified a role for RARγ in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance (8). RARγ is the predominant subtype in human and mouse epidermis, representing 90% of the RARs in this tissue (9-11). Given the high level of RARγ expression in the skin, it has been suggested that this nuclear receptor participates in a transcriptional program that governs maintenance and differentiation of normal epidermis and skin appendages. The transcriptional activity of RARγ is under stringent control, in part, through retinoic acid-induced phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation (12).
The human retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are encoded by three distinct genes (RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ) and bind selectively and with high affinity to the vitamin A derivative, 9-cis-retinoic acid. RXRs are type-II nuclear hormone receptors that are largely localized to the nuclear compartment independent of ligand binding. Nuclear RXRs form heterodimers with nuclear hormone receptor subfamily 1 proteins, including thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptors, vitamin D receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver X receptors, and farnesoid X receptor (13). Since RXRs heterodimerize with multiple nuclear hormone receptors, they play a central role in transcriptional control of numerous hormonal signaling pathways by binding to cis-acting response elements in the promoter/enhancer region of target genes (14).
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