PathScan? Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) Sandwich ELISA Kit

• 产品编号：CST-7959C      品牌：CST       原厂货号：7959C
• 产品分类：ELISA及其它免疫分析 > ELISA > ELISA检测试剂盒
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描述：

如图1所示，CST产品 PathScan® Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) Sandwich ELISA Kit #7959用于检测在172位苏氨酸磷酸化的AMPKα蛋白。试剂盒的灵敏性见图2。内控实验证明，试剂盒用于检测相应物种的相关蛋白，但也可与其它物种的同源蛋白交互反应。PathScan® Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) Sandwich ELISA Kit是一种固相三明治酶联免疫试验(ELISA)试剂盒，用于检测Thr172位点磷酸化的内源性AMPKα。首先，兔AMPKα抗体涂在微孔中表面，然后与细胞裂解液孵育，裂解液中的磷酸化与非磷酸化的AMPKα蛋白被捕获到涂层抗体上。将微孔洗脱后，加入小鼠磷酸化的AMPKα(Thr172)检测抗体，用于检测被捕获的磷酸化AMPKα(Thr172)蛋白。然后加入抗鼠IgG抗体，即辣根过氧化物酶耦联抗体( HRP-linked Antibody #7074)，用于检测已经结合的检测抗体。最后加入辣根过氧化物酶的底物，四甲基联苯胺(TMP)，加入底物后发生显色反应。Thr172位点磷酸化的AMPKα的数量与显色的强度成正比，因此可以借此对磷酸化的AMPKα定量。试剂盒中的抗体是根据需要定制的。腺苷酸激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）是一种在酵母，植物和动物界高度保守的蛋白激酶，它在能量平衡中发挥关键性的作用(1)。AMPK是异源三聚体复合物，由α催化亚基和β、γ两个调节亚基组成，每个亚基都由两到三个不同的基因编码(α1, 2; β1, 2; γ1, 2, 3)(2)。细胞或者环境因素的刺激，如热激，缺氧，缺血等，导致AMP/ATP浓度比的升高，AMP/ATP浓度比的升高可以激活AMPK。肿瘤抑制因子LKB1，与辅助蛋白STRAD和MO25相结合，在AMPK的α亚基活化环的172位苏氨酸上对其磷酸化，磷酸化对AMPK的激活是必需的(3-5)。AMPKα同样也可以在Thr258和Ser485(α1; α2是Ser491)位点磷酸化。此过程的上游激酶和这些位点磷酸化的生物学意义尚不明晰(6)。β1亚基有一些翻译后的修饰，包括豆蒄酰化修饰，以及在多个位点的磷酸化修饰(包括Ser24/25, Ser96, Ser101和Ser182)(6,7)。β1亚基Ser108的磷酸化可能对AMPK的激活来说是必需的，而Ser24/25和Ser182的磷酸化可能影响到AMPK的定位(7)。越来越多的证据表明，AMPK不仅调控机体的糖脂代谢，同时也通过EF2和TSC2/mTOR通路调控细胞生长和蛋白质的合成，以及通过eNOS/nNOS系统来调节血流量(1)。

1. Hardie, D.G. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 5479-87.
2. Carling, D. (2004) Trends Biochem Sci 29, 18-24.
3. Hawley, S.A. et al. (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 27879-87.
4. Lizcano, J.M. et al. (2004) EMBO J 23, 833-43.
5. Shaw, R.J. et al. (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 3329-35.
6. Woods, A. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 28434-42.
7. Warden, S.M. et al. (2001) Biochem J 354, 275-83.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

CST''s PathScan® Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) Sandwich ELISA Kit #7959 detects AMPKα when phosphorylated at Thr172 as shown in Figure 1. Kit sensitivity is shown in Figure 2. This kit detects proteins from the indicated species, as determined through in-house testing, but may also detect homologous proteins from other species.

Description

The PathScan® Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) Sandwich ELISA Kit is a solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects endogenous levels of AMPKα when phosphorylated at Thr172. An AMPKα rabbit antibody has been coated onto the microwells. After incubation with cell lysates, AMPKα (phospho and nonphospho) is captured by the coated antibody. Following extensive washing, a phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) mouse detection antibody is added to detect phosphorylation of Thr172 on the captured AMPKα protein. Anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked antibody is then used to recognize the bound detection antibody. HRP substrate, TMB, is added to develop color. The magnitude of the absorbance for this developed color is proportional to the quantity of AMPKα phosphorylated at Thr172. 
 
 *Antibodies in this kit are custom formulations specific to the kit.

Background

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is highly conserved from yeast to plants and animals and plays a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis (1). AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex composed of a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits, each of which is encoded by two or three distinct genes (α1, 2; β1, 2; γ1, 2, 3) (2). The kinase is activated by an elevated AMP/ATP ratio due to cellular and environmental stress, such as heat shock, hypoxia, and ischemia (1). The tumor suppressor LKB1, in association with accessory proteins STRAD and MO25, phosphorylates AMPKα at Thr172 in the activation loop, and this phosphorylation is required for AMPK activation (3-5). AMPKα is also phosphorylated at Thr258 and Ser485 (for α1; Ser491 for α2). The upstream kinase and the biological significance of these phosphorylation events have yet to be elucidated (6). The β1 subunit is post-translationally modified by myristoylation and multi-site phosphorylation including Ser24/25, Ser96, Ser101, Ser108, and Ser182 (6,7). Phosphorylation at Ser108 of the β1 subunit seems to be required for the activation of AMPK enzyme, while phosphorylation at Ser24/25 and Ser182 affects AMPK localization (7). Several mutations in AMPKγ subunits have been identified, most of which are located in the putative AMP/ATP binding sites (CBS or Bateman domains). Mutations at these sites lead to reduction of AMPK activity and cause glycogen accumulation in heart or skeletal muscle (1,2). Accumulating evidence indicates that AMPK not only regulates the metabolism of fatty acids and glycogen, but also modulates protein synthesis and cell growth through EF2 and TSC2/mTOR pathways, as well as blood flow via eNOS/nNOS (1).

1. Hardie, D.G. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 5479-87.
2. Carling, D. (2004) Trends Biochem Sci 29, 18-24.
3. Hawley, S.A. et al. (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 27879-87.
4. Lizcano, J.M. et al. (2004) EMBO J 23, 833-43.
5. Shaw, R.J. et al. (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 3329-35.
6. Woods, A. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 28434-42.
7. Warden, S.M. et al. (2001) Biochem J 354, 275-83.

注意事项：

* 12 8-well modules -Each module is designed to break apart for 8 tests.
**Kit should be stored at 4°C with the exception of 1X Cell Lysis Buffer, which is stored at –20°C (packaged separately).