SignalSilence? p53 siRNA II

• 产品编号：CST-6562S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：6562S
• 产品分类：DNA和RNA纯化 > RNA干扰 > RNAi Oligos > siRNA
• 应用分类：

描述：

CST的SignalSilence® p53 siRNA使得研究人员可以使用RNA干扰的方法特异性抑制p53的表达，RNA干扰是一种通过将双链RNA分子转入细胞从而选择性沉默基因表达的方法。CST的所有SignalSilence® siRNA产品都通过了严格的内部测试，并使用western blot方法检测其减少目标蛋白表达的效用。CST建议使用100 nM p53 siRNA II转染48-72小时后裂解细胞。转染的具体步骤请参考转染试剂制造商提供的操作标准。使用过程中有任何问题请随时联系CST。p53肿瘤抑制蛋白在细胞响应DNA损伤和其它基因组异常的过程中发挥重要作用。p53的激活能够引起细胞周期捕获和DNA修复或细胞凋亡(1)。离体或者在体情况下，p53可以在多个位点被几个蛋白激酶进行磷酸化(2,3)。DNA损伤能够诱导p53的第15位和20位丝氨酸磷酸化，导致p53和其负调节子-癌蛋白MDM2的相互作用减弱(4)。MDM2通过靶向p53促进其泛素化和蛋白酶体降解抑制其累积。P53的第15位和37位丝氨酸可以被ATM，ATR，和DNA-PK磷酸化(5,6)。P53的磷酸化削弱了MDM2的结合，从而促进了它的激活和累积以响应DNA损伤(4,7)。Chk2和Chk1能够磷酸化p53的第20位丝氨酸，增强其四聚化、稳定性和活性(8,9)。p53的第392位丝氨酸可以发生在体磷酸化(10,11)和CAK介导的离体磷酸化(11)。人类肿瘤中p53的第392位丝氨酸磷酸化增加(12)且有报道认为该过程能够影响生长抑制剂的功能、DNA结合和p53的转录激活(10,13,14)。P53的第6位和9位丝氨酸离体或者在体均可以被CK1δ和CK1ε磷酸化(13,15)。P53的第46位丝氨酸磷酸化能够调节p53诱导细胞凋亡的能力(16)。p300和CBP乙酰转移酶能够介导p53的乙酰化。去乙酰化抑制可以阻止MDM2招募p19 (ARF)介导的HDAC1复合体从而稳定p53。乙酰化似乎对于应激反应中p53蛋白的累积起着正向的作用(17)。DNA损伤后，人类p53的第382位赖氨酸(在小鼠为379位赖氨酸)发生在体乙酰化，促进p53-DNA的结合(18)。P53通过与SIRT1蛋白(一种参与细胞衰老和DNA损伤应激的去乙酰酶)相互作用发生去乙酰化(19)。

1. Levine, A.J. (1997) Cell 88, 323-31.
2. Meek, D.W. (1994) Semin Cancer Biol 5, 203-10.
3. Milczarek, G.J. et al. (1997) Life Sci 60, 1-11.
4. Shieh, S.Y. et al. (1997) Cell 91, 325-34.
5. Chehab, N.H. et al. (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 13777-82.
6. Honda, R. et al. (1997) FEBS Lett 420, 25-7.
7. Tibbetts, R.S. et al. (1999) Genes Dev 13, 152-7.
8. Shieh, S.Y. et al. (1999) EMBO J 18, 1815-23.
9. Hirao, A. et al. (2000) Science 287, 1824-7.
10. Hao, M. et al. (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 29380-5.
11. Lu, H. et al. (1997) Mol Cell Biol 17, 5923-34.
12. Ullrich, S.J. et al. (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90, 5954-8.
13. Kohn, K.W. (1999) Mol Biol Cell 10, 2703-34.
14. Lohrum, M. and Scheidtmann, K.H. (1996) Oncogene 13, 2527-39.
15. Knippschild, U. et al. (1997) Oncogene 15, 1727-36.
16. Oda, K. et al. (2000) Cell 102, 849-62.
17. Ito, A. et al. (2001) EMBO J 20, 1331-40.
18. Sakaguchi, K. et al. (1998) Genes Dev 12, 2831-41.
19. Solomon, J.M. et al. (2006) Mol Cell Biol 26, 28-38.

原厂资料：

Description

SignalSilence® p53 siRNA from Cell Signaling Technology (CST) allows the researcher to specifically inhibit p53 expression using RNA interference, a method whereby gene expression can be selectively silenced through the delivery of double stranded RNA molecules into the cell. All SignalSilence® siRNA products are rigorously tested in-house and have been shown to reduce target protein expression by western analysis.

Directions for Use

CST recommends transfection with 100 nM p53 siRNA II 48 to 72 hours prior to cell lysis. For transfection procedure, follow protocol provided by the transfection reagent manufacturer. Please feel free to contact CST with any questions on use.

Background

The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a major role in cellular response to DNA damage and other genomic aberrations. Activation of p53 can lead to either cell cycle arrest and DNA repair or apoptosis (1). p53 is phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo and by several different protein kinases in vitro (2,3). DNA damage induces phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and Ser20 and leads to a reduced interaction between p53 and its negative regulator, the oncoprotein MDM2 (4). MDM2 inhibits p53 accumulation by targeting it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (5,6). p53 can be phosphorylated by ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK at Ser15 and Ser37. Phosphorylation impairs the ability of MDM2 to bind p53, promoting both the accumulation and activation of p53 in response to DNA damage (4,7). Chk2 and Chk1 can phosphorylate p53 at Ser20, enhancing its tetramerization, stability, and activity (8,9). p53 is phosphorylated at Ser392 in vivo (10,11) and by CAK in vitro (11). Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser392 is increased in human tumors (12) and has been reported to influence the growth suppressor function, DNA binding, and transcriptional activation of p53 (10,13,14). p53 is phosphorylated at Ser6 and Ser9 by CK1δ and CK1ε both in vitro and in vivo (13,15). Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser46 regulates the ability of p53 to induce apoptosis (16). Acetylation of p53 is mediated by p300 and CBP acetyltransferases. Inhibition of deacetylation suppressing MDM2 from recruiting HDAC1 complex by p19 (ARF) stabilizes p53. Acetylation appears to play a positive role in the accumulation of p53 protein in stress response (17). Following DNA damage, human p53 becomes acetylated at Lys382 (Lys379 in mouse) in vivo to enhance p53-DNA binding (18). Deacetylation of p53 occurs through interaction with the SIRT1 protein, a deacetylase that may be involved in cellular aging and the DNA damage response (19). 

1. Levine, A.J. (1997) Cell 88, 323-31.
2. Meek, D.W. (1994) Semin Cancer Biol 5, 203-10.
3. Milczarek, G.J. et al. (1997) Life Sci 60, 1-11.
4. Shieh, S.Y. et al. (1997) Cell 91, 325-34.
5. Chehab, N.H. et al. (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 13777-82.
6. Honda, R. et al. (1997) FEBS Lett 420, 25-7.
7. Tibbetts, R.S. et al. (1999) Genes Dev 13, 152-7.
8. Shieh, S.Y. et al. (1999) EMBO J 18, 1815-23.
9. Hirao, A. et al. (2000) Science 287, 1824-7.
10. Hao, M. et al. (1996) J Biol Chem 271, 29380-5.
11. Lu, H. et al. (1997) Mol Cell Biol 17, 5923-34.
12. Ullrich, S.J. et al. (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90, 5954-8.
13. Kohn, K.W. (1999) Mol Biol Cell 10, 2703-34.
14. Lohrum, M. and Scheidtmann, K.H. (1996) Oncogene 13, 2527-39.
15. Knippschild, U. et al. (1997) Oncogene 15, 1727-36.
16. Oda, K. et al. (2000) Cell 102, 849-62.
17. Ito, A. et al. (2001) EMBO J 20, 1331-40.
18. Sakaguchi, K. et al. (1998) Genes Dev 12, 2831-41.
19. Solomon, J.M. et al. (2006) Mol Cell Biol 26, 28-38.

注意事项：

Storage: p53 siRNA II is supplied in RNAse-free water. Aliquot
and store at -20°C.