EAAT1 (D44E2) XP? Rabbit mAb

• 产品编号：CST-5684P      品牌：Cell Signaling Technology       原厂货号：5684P
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 蛋白特异性一抗
• 应用分类：

描述：

EAAT1 (D44E2) XP® Rabbit mAb 兔单抗识别内源性的EAAT1总蛋白。该单克隆抗体由合成的人类EAAT1蛋白氨基末端附近肽段免疫动物而制成。谷氨酸是哺乳动物中枢神经系统主要的兴奋性神经递质。神经传递过程中，谷氨酸被突触前细胞从囊泡释放，突触后细胞上的谷氨酸受体（如NMDA受体，AMPA受体）结合谷氨酸被激活。兴奋性氨基酸转运（EAATs）的调节和维持细胞外谷氨酸浓度低于兴奋水平。此外，谷氨酸转运体可能会限制突触的兴奋时间，这是由共转运三个钠离子和一个质子以及逆转运一个钾离子的电学过程来实现的。五个EAATs（EAAT1-5）的各有特点：EAAT2（GLT-1），主要在星形胶质细胞中表达，但也在视网膜神经元和胎儿发育时表达（1）。EAAT2纯合敲除的小鼠会有自发致命的癫痫发作和急性皮层损伤的倾向（2）。蛋白激酶C在谷氨酸转运时磷酸化EAAT2的Ser113（3）。EAAT2约占脑内总谷氨酸转运体的90%，EAAT1大约占剩下的5-10%（4）。由于EAAT2占大多数，EAAT1在神经递质中的作用尚不清晰。然而，EAAT1的表达，可通过在原代培养星形胶质细胞的培养基中增加谷氨酸浓度而上调，从而使这个谷氨酸转运体显得有一定的重要性（5）。由于活化的星形胶质细胞和激活的小胶质细胞表达EAAT1但不表达EAAT2，EAAT1可能在缺血后具有神经保护作用（6）。

1. Amara, S.G. and Fontana, A.C. (2002) Neurochem Int 41, 313-8.
2. Tanaka, K. et al. (1997) Science 276, 1699-702.
3. Casado, M. et al. (1993) J Biol Chem 268, 27313-7.
4. Hediger, M.A. (1999) Am J Physiol 277, F487-92.
5. Gegelashvili, G. et al. (1996) Neuroreport 8, 261-5.
6. Beschorner, R. et al. (2007) Histopathology 50, 897-910.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

EAAT1 (D44E2) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total EAAT1 protein.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human EAAT1 protein.

Background

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. During neurotransmission, glutamate is released from vesicles of the pre-synaptic cell, and glutamate receptors (e.g. NMDA Receptor, AMPA Receptor) bind glutamate for activation at the opposing post-synaptic cell. Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) regulate and maintain extracellular glutamate concentrations below excitotoxic levels. In addition, glutamate transporters may limit the duration of synaptic excitation by an electrogenic process in which the transmitter is cotransported with three sodium ions and one proton, followed by countertransport of a potassium ion. Five EAATs (EAAT1-5) are characterized: EAAT2 (GLT-1) is primarily expressed in astrocytes but is also expressed in neurons of the retina and during fetal development (1). Homozygous EAAT2 knockout mice have spontaneous, lethal seizures and an increased predisposition to acute cortical injury (2). PKC phosphorylates Ser113 of EAAT2 and coincides with glutamate transport (3).EAAT2 accounts for up to 90% of the total glutamate transport in brain while EAAT1 contributes the remaining 5-10% (4). The contribution of EAAT1 in neurotransmission is unclear since EAAT2 is much more abundant. However, EAAT1 expression is upregulated by increasing concentrations of glutamate in the media of cultured primary astrocytes, potentially giving this glutamate transporter additional importance (5). EAAT1 has neuroprotective potential following ischemia since reactive astrocytes and activated microglia express EAAT1 but not EAAT2 (6).

1. Amara, S.G. and Fontana, A.C. (2002) Neurochem Int 41, 313-8.
2. Tanaka, K. et al. (1997) Science 276, 1699-702.
3. Casado, M. et al. (1993) J Biol Chem 268, 27313-7.
4. Hediger, M.A. (1999) Am J Physiol 277, F487-92.
5. Gegelashvili, G. et al. (1996) Neuroreport 8, 261-5.
6. Beschorner, R. et al. (2007) Histopathology 50, 897-910.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150
mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02%
sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody