S100A1 Antibody

• 产品编号：CST-5066S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：5066S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 蛋白特异性一抗
• 应用分类：

描述：

S100A1抗体识别内源性的总S100A1蛋白。此抗体不与S100家族的其他成员发生交叉反应。该多克隆抗体通过用合成肽免疫动物制备，该合成肽对应人S100A1蛋白PKA C谷氨酰胺（49位）附近的残基。抗体由protein A和肽亲和层析法纯化。尽管S100蛋白分子量相对较小（8-12 kDa），结构简单，但仍可调节多种细胞过程，如细胞的生长和迁移，细胞周期，转录和分化。至今为止，已确定包括S100A1-S100A18，毛透明蛋白，丝聚合蛋白, 中间丝相关蛋白, S100P和S100Z在内的25名成员，成为EF-手形蛋白和钙结合蛋白家族中最大的群体。有趣的是，14个S100基因都聚集在人类染色体1q21上，是一个基因组不稳定的区域。研究表明，异常的S100蛋白表达和癌症发展之间存在显著的相关性。在多种组织类型中，S100蛋白主要介导免疫反应，但也参与神经元的发育（1-4）。每个S100单体有两个EF-手形基序，最多可以结合2个钙分子（或某些情况下，其他二价阳离子）。结构证据表明，S100蛋白形成反平行的同源或异源二聚体，以钙依赖性（有时是与钙无关的）的方式协调结合配偶体。虽然结构和功能相似，个别成员的分布有组织特异性，局限在特定的细胞区室，表现出独特的蛋白结合伴侣，在不同的信号转导通路中各自扮演一个特定的角色。除了细胞内的作用，一些S100蛋白作为胞外配体的受体起作用或被分泌出来并具有细胞因子样的活性（1-4）。S100A1大量表达于心肌和骨骼肌，在调节钙依赖性收缩中起主要作用（5,6）。 S100A1和钙调蛋白结合并差异调节兰尼碱受体（RyRs），从而调节骨骼肌和心肌的功能（7）。 除RyRs（RyR1和RyR2）之外，S100A1也显示出可以与钙依赖的心脏信号级联反应中的其他组分相互作用，包括SERCA2a和膜磷蛋白。在动物模型中的研究有力地表明，S100A1在心脏衰竭的发展中起重要作用（1）。已经证明，S100A1可以通过直接作用或调节每个通路中的支架和信号成分，进而调节细胞骨架信号、神经递质的释放、酶活性和其他的钙结合蛋白。

1. Heizmann, C.W. et al. (2002) Front Biosci 7, d1356-68.
2. Donato, R. (2003) Microsc Res Tech 60, 540-51.
3. Marenholz, I. et al. (2004) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 322, 1111-22.
4. Santamaria-Kisiel, L. et al. (2006) Biochem J 396, 201-14.
5. Ritterhoff, J. and Most, P. (2012) Gene Ther , .
6. Völkers, M. et al. (2010) J Biomed Biotechnol 2010, 178614.
7. Prosser, B.L. et al. (2011) Cell Calcium 50, 323-31.
8. Wright, N.T. et al. (2009) Curr Chem Biol 3, 138-145.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

S100A1 Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total S100A1 protein. This antibody does not cross-react with other members of the S100 family.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gln49 of human S100A1 protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

Despite their relatively small size (8-12 kDa) and uncomplicated architecture, S100 proteins regulate a variety of cellular processes such as cell growth and motility, cell cycle progression, transcription, and differentiation. To date, 25 members have been identified, including S100A1-S100A18, trichohyalin, filaggrin, repetin, S100P, and S100Z, making it the largest group in the EF-hand, calcium-binding protein family. Interestingly, 14 S100 genes are clustered on human chromosome 1q21, a region of genomic instability. Research studies have demonstrated significant correlation exists between aberrant S100 protein expression and cancer progression. S100 proteins primarily mediate immune responses in various tissue types but are also involved in neuronal development (1-4). 
 
 Each S100 monomer bears two EF-hand motifs and can bind up to two molecules of calcium (or other divalent cation in some instances). Structural evidence shows that S100 proteins form antiparallel homo- or heterodimers that coordinate binding partner proximity in a calcium-dependent (and sometimes calcium-independent) manner. Although structurally and functionally similar, individual members show restricted tissue distribution, are localized in specific cellular compartments, and display unique protein binding partners that suggest each plays a specific role in various signaling pathways. In addition to an intracellular role, some S100 proteins have been shown to act as receptors for extracellular ligands or are secreted and exhibit cytokine-like activities (1-4).S100A1 is abundantly expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle where it plays a major role in regulating calcium-dependent contractility (5,6). S100A1 and calmodulin bind and differentially regulate ryanodine receptors (RyRs), thereby modulating skeletal and cardiac muscle function (7). In addition to RyRs (RyR1 and RyR2), S100A1 has also been shown to interact with other components of the calcium-dependent cardiac signaling cascade including SERCA2a and phospholamban (8). Studies in animal models strongly suggest that S100A1 plays a significant role in the development of heart failure (1). In non-cardiac tissues, S100A1 has been shown to regulate cytoskeletal signaling, neurotransmitter release, enzymatic activity, transcription factors, and other calcium-binding proteins via direct interaction or via regulation of scaffolding and signaling components in each pathway (4).

1. Heizmann, C.W. et al. (2002) Front Biosci 7, d1356-68.
2. Donato, R. (2003) Microsc Res Tech 60, 540-51.
3. Marenholz, I. et al. (2004) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 322, 1111-22.
4. Santamaria-Kisiel, L. et al. (2006) Biochem J 396, 201-14.
5. Ritterhoff, J. and Most, P. (2012) Gene Ther , .
6. Völkers, M. et al. (2010) J Biomed Biotechnol 2010, 178614.
7. Prosser, B.L. et al. (2011) Cell Calcium 50, 323-31.
8. Wright, N.T. et al. (2009) Curr Chem Biol 3, 138-145.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM
NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at –20°C.
Do not aliquot the antibody