Phospho-Vimentin (Ser56) Antibody

• 产品编号：CST-3877S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：3877S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 磷酸化抗体
• 应用分类：

描述：

Phospho-Vimentin (Ser56) Antibody检测仅在Ser56位点磷酸化的内源性vimentin蛋白。通过人工合成人源vimentin蛋白Ser56位点周围相应的磷酸化片段去免疫动物从而制备出多克隆抗体。通过多肽亲和层析纯化抗体。细胞骨架由三种细胞基质纤维组成：微丝(actin filaments)、中间纤维和微管。中间纤维的主要类型是有区别的，且它在特别的细胞中表达：细胞角蛋白（epithelial细胞）、胶质原纤维酸性蛋白 或GFAP（glial细胞）、desmin （skeletal、viscera和某种vascular smooth muscle 细胞）、波形蛋白（间充质来源）和神经纤维细丝（neurons）。GFAP和vimentin蛋白在星形胶质细胞瘤细胞中形成中间纤维，并且调节它们的活性和形状(1)。尤其，vimentin filaments在早期发育阶段出现，而GFAP filaments是分化的和成熟的大脑星形胶质细胞的特征。因此，GFAP普遍被用作来自星形胶质细胞颅内和椎管内肿瘤上升的标记物 (2)。Vimentin出现在恶性毒瘤中，但不出现癌中，因此相对于其它标记物该蛋白的表达被检测用于区别两种形式的肿瘤(3)。在外界刺激下，Vimentin的动力结构的改变和空间的重组有助于协调不同的信号通路(4)。在平滑肌细胞中血清素刺激下，vimentin蛋白在Ser56位点的磷酸化调节vimentin微丝的结构性布置(5,6)。在淋巴细胞的黏附和迁移期间，vimentin的重塑和其它中间纤维对穿过内皮是起着重要作用(7)。在有丝分裂期间，CDK1激酶使vimentin蛋白在Ser56位点磷酸化。该位点的磷酸化对于vimentin-PLK的相互作用提供一个PLK结合位点。PLK进一步使vimentin蛋白在Ser82位点磷酸化，这可能起到记忆磷酸化位点作用，并且在vimentin纤维的分解中起到调节作用(8,9)。

1. Eng, L.F. et al. (2000) Neurochem Res 25, 1439-51.
2. Goebel, H.H. et al. (1987) Acta Histochem Suppl 34, 81-93.
3. Leader, M. et al. (1987) Histopathology 11, 63-72.
4. Helfand, B.T. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 133-41.
5. Tang, D.D. et al. (2005) Biochem J 388, 773-83.
6. Fomina, I.G. et al. (1990) Klin Med (Mosk) 68, 125-7.
7. Nieminen, M. et al. (2006) Nat Cell Biol 8, 156-62.
8. Yamaguchi, T. et al. (2005) J Cell Biol 171, 431-6.
9. Oguri, T. et al. (2006) Genes Cells 11, 531-40.
10. Zhu, Q.S. et al. (2011) Oncogene 30, 457-70.
11. Xue, G. and Hemmings, B.A. (2013) J Natl Cancer Inst 105, 393-404.
12. Yamaguchi, T. et al. (2005) J. Cell Biol. 171, 431-436.
13. Oguri, T. et al. (2006) Genes Cells 11, 531-540.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-Vimentin (Ser56) Antibody detects endogenous levels of vimentin only when phosphorylated at Ser56.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser56 of human vimentin. Antibodies are purified by peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

The cytoskeleton consists of three types of cytosolic fibers: microfilaments (actin filaments), intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Major types of intermediate filaments are distinguished by their cell specific expression: cytokeratins (epithelial cells), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (glial cells), desmin (skeletal, visceral, and certain vascular smooth muscle cells), vimentin (mesenchyme origin), and neurofilaments (neurons). GFAP and vimentin form intermediate filaments in astroglial cells and modulate their motility and shape (1). In particular, vimentin filaments are present at early developmental stages, while GFAP filaments are characteristic of differentiated and mature brain astrocytes. Thus, GFAP is commonly used as a marker for intracranial and intraspinal tumors arising from astrocytes (2). Vimentin is present in sarcomas, but not carcinomas, and its expression is examined in conjunction with that of other markers to distinguish between the two (3). Vimentin's dynamic structural changes and spatial re-organization in response to extracellular stimuli help to coordinate various signaling pathways (4). Phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser56 in smooth muscle cells regulates the structural arrangement of vimentin filaments in response to serotonin (5,6). Remodeling of vimentin and other intermediate filaments is important during lymphocyte adhesion and migration through the endothelium (7).During mitosis, CDK1 phosphorylates vimentin at Ser56. This phosphorylation provides a PLK binding site for vimentin-PLK interaction. PLK further phosphorylates vimentin at Ser82 , which might serve as memory phosphorylation site and play a regulatory role in vimentin filament disassembly (8,9).

1. Eng, L.F. et al. (2000) Neurochem Res 25, 1439-51.
2. Goebel, H.H. et al. (1987) Acta Histochem Suppl 34, 81-93.
3. Leader, M. et al. (1987) Histopathology 11, 63-72.
4. Helfand, B.T. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 133-41.
5. Tang, D.D. et al. (2005) Biochem J 388, 773-83.
6. Fomina, I.G. et al. (1990) Klin Med (Mosk) 68, 125-7.
7. Nieminen, M. et al. (2006) Nat Cell Biol 8, 156-62.
8. Yamaguchi, T. et al. (2005) J Cell Biol 171, 431-6.
9. Oguri, T. et al. (2006) Genes Cells 11, 531-40.
10. Zhu, Q.S. et al. (2011) Oncogene 30, 457-70.
11. Xue, G. and Hemmings, B.A. (2013) J Natl Cancer Inst 105, 393-404.
12. Yamaguchi, T. et al. (2005) J. Cell Biol. 171, 431-436.
13. Oguri, T. et al. (2006) Genes Cells 11, 531-540.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl,
100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at -20°C.
Do not aliquot the antibody