Phospho-PAR-4 (Thr163) Antibody

• 产品编号：CST-2329S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：2329S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 磷酸化抗体
• 应用分类：

描述：

Phospho-PAR-4 (Thr163) Antibody能够检测内源性水平的Thr163磷酸化的PAR-4蛋白（Thr163对应于人类基因组序列相当于在大鼠Thr155和小鼠Thr156的位点）。该多克隆抗体是采用合成的人源PAR-4蛋白Thr163周围残基相对应的肽段免疫动物而制备的（大鼠Thr155和小鼠Thr156）。抗体由protein A和肽亲和层析技术纯化。

PAR-4（前列腺细胞凋亡应答元件-4）是一种蛋白质，研究发现，它在发生细胞凋亡的前列腺肿瘤细胞中表达上调（1）。此外，在平行实验中，通过酵母双杂交系统发现PAR-4与肾母细胞瘤有关，抑制蛋白WT1，并可能调节WT1介导的转录激活（2）。PAR-4包含一个亮氨酸拉链结构域和一个死亡结构域，是肿瘤发生以及神经退行性疾病过程中细胞凋亡的效应子（3,4）。PAR-4在正常组织中广泛表达，但可以在某些类型的肿瘤中下调表达。PAR-4介导的凋亡调控的机制似乎很复杂，依赖于细胞内物质。有研究表明，PAR-4在激活Fas-FADD-caspase-8途径以及抑制NF-κB促生存途径中发挥着重要作用（5-7）。其活性可能取决于细胞内物质和翻译后修饰。例如，Akt作用下的PAR-4磷酸化能够防止其核易位从而促进细胞存活（8）。相比之下，大鼠PAR-4通过PKA 在T155 位的磷酸化能够正向调控其凋亡活性（9）。

1. Sells, S.F. et al. (1997) Mol. Cell Biol. 17, 3823-3832.
2. Johnstone, R.W. et al. (1996) Mol. Cell Biol. 16, 6945-6956.
3. Guo, Q. et al. (1998) Nat. Med. 4, 957-962.
4. El-Guendy, N. and Rangnekar, V.M. (2003) Exp. Cell Res. 283, 51-66.
5. Chakraborty, M. et al. (2001) Cancer Res. 61, 7255-7263.
6. Díaz-Meco, M.T. et al. (1996) Cell 86, 777-786.
7. Diaz-Meco, M.T. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 19606-79612.
8. Goswami, A. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell 20, 33-44.
9. Gurumurthy, S. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell Biol. 25, 1146-1161.

原厂资料：

Homology

Species predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology: Mouse, Rat, Monkey

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-PAR-4 (Thr163) Antibody detects endogenous levels of PAR-4 when phosphorylated at Thr163 (Thr163 corresponds to human sequence and is equivalent to Thr155 in rat and Thr156 in mouse).

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr163 of human PAR-4 (Thr155 in rat and Thr156 in mouse). Antibodies were purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

PAR-4 (prostate apoptosis response-4) was identified as a protein that is upregulated in prostate tumor cells undergoing apoptosis (1). Additionally, in parallel studies PAR-4 was found in the yeast two-hybrid system to bind to the Wilms' tumor suppressor protein WT1 and may modulate WT1-medated transcriptional activation (2). PAR-4 contains a leucine zipper domain and a death domain and has been implicated as an effector of apoptosis during tumorigenesis as well as in neurodegenerative disorders (3,4). PAR-4 is widely expressed in normal tissues but can be downregulated in some tumor types. The mechanism of PAR-4 mediated apoptosis regulation appears to be complex and dependent on the cellular context. Studies have indicated roles for PAR-4 in activation of the Fas-FADD-caspase-8 pathway as well as inhibition of the NF-κB pro-survival pathway (5-7). Its activity is likely to depend on the cellular context and post-translational modifications. For instance, phosphorylation of PAR-4 by Akt prevents its nuclear translocation thereby promoting cell surivival (8). In contrast, phoshorylation of rat PAR-4 at T155 by PKA appears to positively regulate its apoptotic activity (9).

1. Sells, S.F. et al. (1997) Mol. Cell Biol. 17, 3823-3832.
2. Johnstone, R.W. et al. (1996) Mol. Cell Biol. 16, 6945-6956.
3. Guo, Q. et al. (1998) Nat. Med. 4, 957-962.
4. El-Guendy, N. and Rangnekar, V.M. (2003) Exp. Cell Res. 283, 51-66.
5. Chakraborty, M. et al. (2001) Cancer Res. 61, 7255-7263.
6. Díaz-Meco, M.T. et al. (1996) Cell 86, 777-786.
7. Diaz-Meco, M.T. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 19606-79612.
8. Goswami, A. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell 20, 33-44.
9. Gurumurthy, S. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell Biol. 25, 1146-1161.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM
NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at –20°C.
Do not aliquot the antibody.