Phospho-WIPI2 (Ser413) Antibody

• 产品编号：CST-13571S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：13571S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 磷酸化抗体
• 应用分类：

描述：

Phospho-WIPI2 (Ser413)能够识别内源性的只在Ser413 位点磷酸化的WIPI2 蛋白。该多克隆抗体通过合成肽免疫动物制备，这种合成肽与人源WIPI2蛋白Ser413周围残基相一致。抗体通过蛋白A和多肽亲和色谱法纯化。自噬是自噬溶酶体对其包裹的细胞质内含物进行降解的一种分解代谢过程(1,2)。自噬过程一般是在营养匮乏的条件下被激活，但是也与一些生理过程有关，如发育、分化、神经变性、感染和癌症(3)。关于自噬的分子机制，已在酵母中被大量发现，且和一些自噬相关基因（Atg）有关。空泡运输和自噬是通过III型磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)Vsp34控制的，从而生成磷酸肌醇-3-磷酸(PtdIns3P) (4,5)。Atg18和Atg21是两种相关联的WD重复蛋白，它们可以通过保守的Phe-Arg-Arg-Gly序列结合PtdIns3P (6,7)。研究表明，Atg18可以与Atg2结合，并且这种复合物通过与PtdIns3P的相互作用被转到空泡膜处(8)。人的Atg18和Atg21的同源基因被认为是与磷酸肌醇家族相互作用的WD-重复蛋白的成员(9-11)。研究证明，在自噬过程中，WIPI1（又称WIPI49）和WIPI2可以从几个空泡间隔中转移到LC3阳性自噬体中，这种转移或许可以作为自噬的标志(12)。Phospho-WIPI2 (Ser413) 抗体是CST利用 PhosphoScan技术鉴定的特异性位点抗体，该技术是基于CST的LC-MS/MS平台发现修饰位点。利用Phospho-MAPK/CDK底物基序抗体发现了Ser413位点的磷酸化。请访问PhosphoSitePlus即CST修饰位点知识库（www.phosphosite.org）以获得更多的信息。

1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
2. Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
3. Levine, B. and Yuan, J. (2005) J Clin Invest 115, 2679-88.
4. Corvera, S. (2001) Traffic 2, 859-66.
5. Yan, Y. and Backer, J.M. (2007) Biochem Soc Trans 35, 239-41.
6. Krick, R. et al. (2006) FEBS Lett 580, 4632-8.
7. Strømhaug, P.E. et al. (2004) Mol Biol Cell 15, 3553-66.
8. Obara, K. et al. (2008) J Biol Chem 283, 23972-80.
9. Jeffries, T.R. et al. (2004) Mol Biol Cell 15, 2652-63.
10. Proikas-Cezanne, T. et al. (2007) FEBS Lett 581, 3396-404.
11. Polson, H.E. et al. (2010) Autophagy 6, 506-22.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-WIPI2 (Ser413) recognizes endogenous levels of WIPI2 protein only when phosphorylated at Ser413.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser413 of human WIPI2 protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). It is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation but is also associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection, and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and is directed by a number of autophagy-related (Atg) genes.

Vacuolar trafficking and autophagy are controlled by the class III type phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) Vps34, which generates phosphoinositide-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) (4,5). Atg18 and Atg21 are two related WD-repeat proteins that bind PtdIns3P via a conserved Phe-Arg-Arg-Gly motif (6,7). It has been shown that Atg18 binds to Atg2 and that this complex is directed to vacuolar membranes by its interaction with PtdIns3P (8). Human orthologs of Atg18 and Atg21 were identified as members of the WD-repeat protein Interacting with Phosphoinositides (WIPI) family (9-11). WIPI1 (also called WIPI49) and WIPI2 have been shown to translocate from several vacuolar compartments to LC3-positive autophagosomes during autophagy; this translocation may be used as an autophagy marker (12).Phospho-WIPI2 (Ser413) Antibody is directed at a site that was identified at Cell Signaling Technology (CST) using PhosphoScan^®, CST's LC-MS/MS platform for modification site discovery. Phosphorylation at Ser413 was discovered using Phospho-MAPK/CDK Substrate motif antibody. Please visit PhosphoSitePlus^®, CST's modification site knowledgebase, at www.phosphosite.org for more information.

1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
2. Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
3. Levine, B. and Yuan, J. (2005) J Clin Invest 115, 2679-88.
4. Corvera, S. (2001) Traffic 2, 859-66.
5. Yan, Y. and Backer, J.M. (2007) Biochem Soc Trans 35, 239-41.
6. Krick, R. et al. (2006) FEBS Lett 580, 4632-8.
7. Strømhaug, P.E. et al. (2004) Mol Biol Cell 15, 3553-66.
8. Obara, K. et al. (2008) J Biol Chem 283, 23972-80.
9. Jeffries, T.R. et al. (2004) Mol Biol Cell 15, 2652-63.
10. Proikas-Cezanne, T. et al. (2007) FEBS Lett 581, 3396-404.
11. Polson, H.E. et al. (2010) Autophagy 6, 506-22.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM
NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at –20°C.
Do not aliquot the antibody.