Atg9A (D4O9D) Rabbit mAb

• 产品编号：CST-13509S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：13509S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 蛋白特异性一抗
• 应用分类：

描述：

Atg9A (D4O9D) Rabbit mAb 兔单抗能够识别内源性Atg9A总蛋白。该单克隆抗体通过合成肽免疫动物制备，这些合成肽的序列与人源Atg9A蛋白Gly780周围残基相一致。

自噬是自噬溶酶体对其包裹的细胞质内含物进行降解的一种分解代谢过程(1,2)。自噬过程一般是在营养匮乏的条件下被激活，但是也与一些生理过程有关，如发育、分化、神经变性、感染和癌症(3)。在酵母中已阐明自噬的分子机制，这是由许多自噬相关(Atg)基因调控(4)。

Atg9，一个在酵母中发现的Atg蛋白，对于自噬体的形成至关重要(5)。有两种基于酵母同源 Atg9p的人功能性同源基因：一种是Atg9A，也被确认为Atg9L1 和mAtg9；另外一种是Atg9L2，它被首次确认为氮氧合成酶3反义物(NOS3AS)(6,7)。Atg9A是一个完整的膜蛋白，是启动自噬体形成和膨大所必须的(6，7)。自噬体膜招募Atg9A 是一个动态且短暂的过程，同时，Atg9A也在自噬相关结构高尔基体转运网络(TGN)和核内体之间周期循环，在自噬体膜上形成一个非稳定的结构(6，8)。Atg9A转运的精确调控机制尚未完全阐明，但研究表明其涉及p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK)-结合蛋白p38IP和Beclin-1结合蛋白Bif-1(9,10)。

1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
2. Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
3. Levine, B. and Yuan, J. (2005) J Clin Invest 115, 2679-88.
4. Klionsky, D.J. et al. (2003) Dev Cell 5, 539-45.
5. Noda, T. et al. (2000) J Cell Biol 148, 465-80.
6. Young, A.R. et al. (2006) J Cell Sci 119, 3888-900.
7. Yamada, T. et al. (2005) J Biol Chem 280, 18283-90.
8. Orsi, A. et al. (2012) Mol Biol Cell 23, 1860-73.
9. Webber, J.L. and Tooze, S.A. (2010) EMBO J 29, 27-40.
10. Takahashi, Y. et al. (2011) Autophagy 7, 61-73.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

Atg9A (D4O9D) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total Atg9A protein.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gly780 of human Atg9A protein.

Background

Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). It is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation but is also associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection, and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and is directed by a number of autophagy-related (Atg) genes (4).

Atg9, one of the Atg proteins identified in yeast, is essential for autophagosome formation (5). There are two human functional orthologues based on the yeast homolog Atg9p: Atg9A, which has also been identified as Atg9L1 and mAtg9, and Atg9L2, which was first reported as nitric-oxide synthase 3 antisense (NOS3AS) (6,7). Atg9A is an integral membrane protein that is required for both the initiation and the expansion of the autophagosome (6,7). Recruitment of Atg9A to the autophagosomal membrane is dynamic and transient as Atg9A also cycles between autophagy-related structures known as omegasomes, the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and endosomes, and at no point becomes a stable component of the autophagosomal membrane (6,8). The precise regulation of Atg9A trafficking is not fully clarified, yet it is suggested to involve p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-binding protein p38IP and the Beclin-1-binding protein Bif-1 (9,10).

1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
2. Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
3. Levine, B. and Yuan, J. (2005) J Clin Invest 115, 2679-88.
4. Klionsky, D.J. et al. (2003) Dev Cell 5, 539-45.
5. Noda, T. et al. (2000) J Cell Biol 148, 465-80.
6. Young, A.R. et al. (2006) J Cell Sci 119, 3888-900.
7. Yamada, T. et al. (2005) J Biol Chem 280, 18283-90.
8. Orsi, A. et al. (2012) Mol Biol Cell 23, 1860-73.
9. Webber, J.L. and Tooze, S.A. (2010) EMBO J 29, 27-40.
10. Takahashi, Y. et al. (2011) Autophagy 7, 61-73.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM
NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium
azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody