Atg4B (D1G2R) Rabbit mAb

• 产品编号：CST-13507S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：13507S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 蛋白特异性一抗
• 应用分类：

描述：

Atg4B (D1G2R) Rabbit mAb 兔单抗能够识别内源性Atg4B总蛋白。该单克隆抗体通过合成肽免疫动物制备，这些合成肽的序列与人源Atg4蛋白 Gln100 位点周围的残基相一致。自噬是一个涉及胞质内源性物质通过自噬体-溶酶体降解的分解代谢过程。在酵母中已阐明自噬的分子机制，是由许多自噬相关基因(Atg)调控(1)。自噬泡的形成需要一对基本泛素化结合系统，Atg12-Atg5和Atg8-磷脂酰乙醇胺(Atg8-PE)，这在真核生物中非常保守(2)。研究表明，许多哺乳动物与酵母的Atg蛋白一致，包括三个Atg8蛋白质(GATE-16、GABARAP和LC3)和四个Atg4同源物(Atg4A / autophagin-2、Atg4B / autophagin-1、Atg4C / autophagin-3和Atg4D / autophagin-4)(3-5)。半胱氨酸蛋白酶Atg4对自噬体膜的生成和调控至关重要。Atg4通过剪切Atg8的羰基末端，并暴露其E1样酶Atg7甘氨酸残基，起始Atg8同源物的脂化。Atg8同源物转移到E2样酶Atg3，之后形成Atg8-PE结合物。在自噬的晚期，Atg4可以通过剪切PE逆转这种脂化，从而逆转Atg8同源物(6)。Atg4B对Atg8同源物具有广泛的特异性，但它优先剪切LC3(7-9)。Atg4B相关基因的突变与自噬体形成的强烈抑制相关。过度积累非活性状态的Atg4B能够抑制Atg8同源物的脂化并抑制自噬。这使得Atg4B成为描述分离膜和其他自噬研究的潜在工具(10,11)。

1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
2. Ohsumi, Y. (2001) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2, 211-6.
3. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2000) EMBO J 19, 5720-8.
4. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 2805-12.
5. Mariño, G. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 3671-8.
6. Sou, Y.S. et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell 19, 4762-75.
7. Hemelaar, J. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 51841-50.
8. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 2805-12.
9. Tanida, I. et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 36268-76.
10. Fujita, N. et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell 19, 4651-9.
11. Fujita, N. et al. (2009) Autophagy 5, 88-9.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

Atg4B (D1G2R) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total Atg4B protein.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gln100 of human Atg4B protein.

Background

Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents. Control of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and involves proteins encoded by a set of autophagy-related genes (Atg) (1). Formation of autophagic vesicles requires a pair of essential ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, Atg12-Atg5 and Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE), which are widely conserved in eukaryotes (2). Numerous mammalian counterparts to yeast Atg proteins have been described, including three Atg8 proteins (GATE-16, GABARAP, and LC3) and four Atg4 homologs (Atg4A/autophagin-2, Atg4B/autophagin-1, Atg4C/autophagin-3, and Atg4D/autophagin-4) (3-5). The cysteine protease Atg4 is pivotal to autophagosome membrane generation and regulation. Atg4 primes the Atg8 homolog for lipidation by cleaving its carboxy terminus and exposing its glycine residue for E1-like enzyme Atg7. The Atg8 homolog is transferred to the E2-like enzyme Atg3 before forming the Atg8-PE conjugate. During later stages of autophagy, Atg4 can reverse this lipidation event by cleaving PE, thereby recycling the Atg8 homolog (6).

While Atg4B displays a broad specificity for Atg8 homologues, it preferentially cleaves LC3 (7-9). Mutation in the corresponding Atg4B gene can be associated with strong inhibition of autophagosome formation. An excess of inactive Atg4B blocks lipidation of Atg8 homologues and inhibits autophagy. This makes Atg4B a potential tool for characterization of the isolation membrane and other autophagy studies (10,11).

1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
2. Ohsumi, Y. (2001) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2, 211-6.
3. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2000) EMBO J 19, 5720-8.
4. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 2805-12.
5. Mariño, G. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 3671-8.
6. Sou, Y.S. et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell 19, 4762-75.
7. Hemelaar, J. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 51841-50.
8. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 2805-12.
9. Tanida, I. et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 36268-76.
10. Fujita, N. et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell 19, 4651-9.
11. Fujita, N. et al. (2009) Autophagy 5, 88-9.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150
mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02%
sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody