The extrusion of H+ in exchange for extracellular Na+ is important for many cellular processes, such as pH homeostasis, volume regulation, and transepithelial ion and water transport. Na+/H+ Exchangers (NHE) are integral membrane proteins that mediate electroneutral exchange of one Na+ ion for one H+ ion. Six NHE forms, NHE-1 thru -6, have been identified. NHE-1 and NHE-6 are widely expressed, while the other NHE forms have restricted expression. The common structure of all NHE forms includes 10-12 N-terminal membrane (M) spanning regions, a conserved M6 and M7 region that may participate in ion transport, and a large C-terminal cytoplasmic region that may be involved in the regulation of ion exchange activity. NHE-1, for example, contains 12 M regions plus domains for volume sensitivity, calmodulin-binding, CHP-binding, and PKC phosphorylation in the cytoplasmic region. Regulation of NHE-1 ion exchange activity may occur through phosphoinositide binding, as well as PKC- and PKA-dependent signaling pathways. Mutation of NHE-1 in mice causes neuronal death in the cerebellum and brainstem, leading to ataxia and seizures. Thus, NHE-1 is a ubiquitous NHE that is essential for normal brain function.
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注意事项：
1.Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
2.Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
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