Trafficking of immune cells is essential for the development of an effective immune response. Immunocompetent lymphocytes recirculate through lymphoid tissues “in search of” their corresponding specific antigen. Antigen encounter triggers signaling cascades that result in gene activation and clonal expansion. Central to this process is the activation of Ras which is mediated by the conversion of GTP to GDP and involves multiple Ras GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Rap1, a member of the Ras family of GTPases, functions to inhibit the Ras-MAP kinase pathway. A GAP specific for Rap1, rap1GAP, has been identified in human brain. However, this GAP exhibits little expression in lymphoid tissues where elevated Rap1 is detected. SPA-1 exhibits a specific GAP activity for Rap1 and Rap2. It is highly expressed in lymphocytes and minimally expressed in tissues such as brain, kidney, and pancreas where abundant rap1GAP is detected. Human and mouse SPA-1 are 90% identical and contain proline-rich regions and a rap1GAP-related domain followed by a coiled-coil region. Thus, SPA-1 is a Rap specific GAP that functions with rap1GAP to regulate Rap1 and Ras mediated signaling.
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注意事项：
1.Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
2.Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
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