Apoptosis, a selective process of genetically programmed cell death, occurs during normal cellular differentiation and development of multicellular organisms. In addition, apoptotic programs in virus-infected cells regulate viral replication and pathogenesis. However, viruses, such as human adenovirus, have evolved methods of circumventing these programs. The adenovirus E1B region encodes a 19 kDa protein (19K) that, similar to Bcl-2, suppresses apoptosis via interactions with intracellular proteins such as Bcl-2 family members. In addition, 19K and Bcl-2 interact with members of a novel subfamily of pro-apoptotic proteins which includes Nip1-3 and Nix. These proteins contain C-terminal transmembrane (TM) domains, such as those found in Bcl-2 proteins. The TM domain is important for targeting of proteins to mitochondria and nuclear envelope/ER regions of the cell. More specifically, Nip1 localizes at the nuclear envelope/ER, while Nip3 localizes in mitochondria and other cytoplasmic membrane structures. In addition, Nip1 shares homology with the catalytic domain of mammalian calcium/calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and may have a PDE-like activity.
原厂资料：
注意事项：
1.Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
2.Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
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