Congo red (CR) is the sodium salt of benzidinediazo-bis-1-naphtylamine-4-sulfonic acid. CR is water soluble, yielding a red colloidal solution. It is used to stain cytoplasm and erythrocyte stain in histology. Apple-green birefringence of CR stained preparates under polarized light is indicative for the presence of amyloid fibrils. Early diagnosis and classification of amyloid deposition and differentiation from other fibrillar deposits rely on routine CR-based histochemistry. This histology assay is widely used for the characterization of in vitro amyloid fibrils. In addition, CR is also used for fluorimetric examination of amyloid fibrils. Compared to CR in bright light CR fluorescence is simple to perform and more pronounced. Although not widely used, the CR fluorimetric method for detecting amyloid is simple to use with a high specificity and sensitivity, and may be applied successfully to frozen sections.
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