Our Cell Meter™ assay kits are a set of tools for monitoring cell viability and proliferation. There are a variety of parameters that can be used for monitoring cell viability and proliferation. In normal cells, DNA density changes depending on whether the cell is growing, dividing, resting, or performing its ordinary functions. The progression of the cell cycle is controlled by a complex interplay among various cell cycle regulators. These regulators activate transcription factors, which bind to DNA and turn on or off the production of proteins that result in cell division. Any misstep in this regulatory cascade causes abnormal cell proliferation which underlies many pathological conditions, such as tumor formation. Potential applications for live-cell studies are in the determination of cellular DNA content and cell cycle distribution for the detection of variations in growth patterns, for monitoring apoptosis, and for evaluating tumor cell behavior and suppressor gene mechanisms. This particular kit is designed to monitor cell cycle progression and proliferation using Nuclear Red™ CCS1, a cell cycle stain in fixed cells. The dye passes through a permeabilized membrane and intercalates into cellular DNA. The signal intensity of Nuclear Red™ CCS1 is directly proportional to DNA content after RNA is degraded by RNase provided in the kit. The percentage of cells in a given sample that are in G0/G1, S and G2/M phases, as well as the cells in the sub-G1 phase prior to apoptosis can be monitored with a flow cytometer at Ex/Em = 490 nm/620 nm (FL2 channel).
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