Nile red (also known as Nile blue oxazone) is a lipophilic stain. It has environment-sensitive fluorescence. Nile red is intensely fluorescent in a lipid-rich environment while it has minimal fluorescence in aqueous media. It is an excellent vital stain for the detection of intracellular lipid droplets by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytofluorometry. Nile red stains intracellular lipid droplets red. Better selectivity for cytoplasmic lipid droplets can be obtained when the cells are viewed for yellow-gold fluorescence (450-500 nm excitation; >528 nm emission) rather than red fluorescence (515-560 nm excitation; >590 nm emission). It is strongly fluorescent, but only in a hydrophobic environment.
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