Description: CXCL1, or GRO (growth-related oncogene) alpha, is a pro-inflammatory CXC chemokine first identified by its constitutive overexpression in some tumors. It is closely related to CXCL2 (GRO beta) and CXCL3 (GRO gamma), with which it shares 90% and 86% sequence homology, respectively. These proteins, along with IL-8 or CXCL8, are critical for neutrophil mobilization and degranulation, as well as vascular permeabilization and angiogenesis. Signaling occurs through the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR2, which is shared with GRO beta and gamma.
CXCL1 is secreted by monocytes, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli such as LPS, IL-1 beta, and TNF alpha. Overexpression is observed in many malignant tumors, where it contributes to tumor vascularization and metastasis.
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