Description: The HT52 monoclonal antibody reacts with human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Thus far, at least ten members of the Toll family have been identified in humans. This family of type I transmembrane proteins is characterized by an extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats and a cytoplasmic domain with homology to the type I IL-1 receptor. Two family members, TLR2 and TLR4, are pattern recognition receptors and signaling molecules in response to bacterial lipoproteins; they have been implicated in innate immunity and inflammation. TLR4 physically associates with another molecule called MD-2. Together with CD14, this complex is responsible for LPS recognition and signaling. TLR4 is expressed by peripheral blood monocytes. Most TLR cell surface expression, especially TLR1 and TLR4, occurs at low levels on monocytes and at even lower levels on other cell types, including granulocytes and immature dendritic cells (iDCs). Furthermore, a relatively high degree of variability in TLR surface expression has been reported among normal donors.
The HT52 antibody has been reported to exhibit neutralizing activity.
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