Description: Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a proinflammatory cytokine historically believed to be involved in type 2 immune responses. However, recent evidence suggests IL-9 may be secreted by a distinct T Helper lineage called Th9. These cells can either be derived from Th2 cells with TGF-β or differentiated directly from naïve CD4+ T cells with TGF-β and IL-4.
IL-9 is a member of the common cytokine receptor γ chain-dependent family of cytokines which also includes IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21. Its pleiotropic effects on Th2 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, mast cells, eosinophils and gut and airway epithelial cells have implicated IL-9 in asthma and other allergy-related disorders.
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