Description: This 1A8 monoclonal antibody reacts with human, mouse, and rat Grim-19. This 16 kDa protein is expressed in many human tissues, especially in the heart and skeletal muscle. Lower expression levels of Grim-19 can be observed in the liver, kidney, and brain. Originally described as a nuclear protein, reports indicate that Grim-19 is primarily localized to mitochondria as an essential component of complex I of the electron transport chain. Grim-19 expression can be induced by interferon-β and all-trans-retinoic acid in tumor cell lines, leading to cell death. Finally, Grim-19 has been shown to bind the transactivation domain of STAT3 and inhibit its transcriptional activity. The molecular mechanisms of how Grim-19 regulates STAT3 within the cell remains under active investigation.
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