The Triton® X-Series of nonionic surfactants are prepared by the reaction of octylphenol with ethylene oxide. The products are of the type commonly described as alkylaryl polyether alcohols and have the following general structural formula:
in which x indicates the average number of ethylene oxide units in the ether side chain. The series carried by MP consists of the following products, listed in order of increasing length of the polyoxyethylene chain:
Octylphenol Series: Triton X-114 x = 7-8
Triton X-100 x = 9-10
Triton X-405 (70% active) x = 40
The products are mixtures, with respect to length of the polyoxyethylene chain; the "x" values given above represent the average number of ethylene oxide units in the ether side chain of each product. The distribution of various polyoxyethylene chain lengths in each of the surfactants follows the Poisson distribution.
The principal uses of these surfactants are in industrial and household detergent applications and in emulsifying agents. They are employed in almost every type of liquid, paste, and powdered cleaning compound, ranging from heavy-duty industrial products to gentle detergents for fine fabrics. These surfactants are also important ingredients of primary emulsifier mixtures used in the manufacture of emulsion polymers, stabilizers in latex polymers, and emulsifiers for agricultural emulsion concentrates, and wettable powders.
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