Poly-lysine is a polycation which binds to DNA, red cell membrane and any negatively charged protein. It is typically used as a coating substrate for culture dishes, slides, etc. It enhances electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell membrane and the culture surface. When adsorbed to the culture surface, poly-lysine increases the number of positively charged sites available for cell binding. Both the D- and L- form of the poly-lysine can be used as a coating substrate since poly-lysine is a nonspecific attachment factor for cells; however, certain cells can digest poly-lysine. In this case, poly-D-lysine should be used as the attachment factor so that the cells are not disrupted by excessive uptake of L-lysine. The lower molecular weight poly-lysine (30,000-70,000) is easier to use because it is less viscous in solution; however, the higher molecular weights of poly-lysine have more attachement sites per molecule available to the cells. A compromise between the easier to use lower molecular weight products and the extremely viscous higher molecular weights would be the products in the range of 70,000-150,000.
Applications
Poly-lysine with mol. wt. >30,000 is useful in promoting cell adhesion to solid substrates.
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Analysis Note
Molecular weight based on viscosity. Also assayed by MALLS.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Poly-D-lysine hydrobromide is a synthetic amino acid that enhances cell adhesion to solid substrates. It has additionally been shown to eliminate prion proteins from infected cells.